Resources and Development Chapter - 1 , Geography Part - I Class- 10 ० Resource - Everything available in our environment that human...
Resources and Development
Chapter - 1 , Geography Part - I
Class- 10
० Resource - Everything available in our environment that humans value and is capable of satisfying their needs.
* They also help in economic and political development.
० A resource should be-
i) economically feasible
ii) culturally acceptable
iii) technologically accessible
० Classification of resources- (on the basis of)
(i) Origin
• Biotic
• Abiotic
(ii) Exhaustibility
• Renewable (flow and biological)
• Non renewable (recyclable and non-recyclable)
(iii) Ownership
• Individual
• Community owned
• National
• International
(iv) Status of development
• Potential
• Developed
• Stock
• Reserves
० Resource development and planning -
As resource are being used unevenly it has led to some major problems
(i) depletion of resources
(ii) accumulation of resources in few hands
(iii) Global ecological crisis
० Hence resource management or planning needed (involves three steps)
i) Identification and keeping record of resources- involve surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of resources
ii) Resource development plans - developing a plan structure with proper Technology, skill and institutional setup for implementing resource development plans
iii) Comparing the resources development plans with National development plans.
So we basically need sustainable development.
* Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own need.
* lack of resource management may also lead to decrease in economic growth.
० First international earth summit at the first UNCED held in Rio de janeiro, Brazil - June 1992 (urgent problems of environmental protection and socio- economic development)
० Agenda 21 a non binding action plan of the UN with regard to sustainable development.
It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty,disease through common interest, mutual needs and shared responsibility.
० land resource
Plains 43% agriculture, industry etc
Mountain 30% river, tourism ,ecology
Plateau 27% minerals fossil fuels and forests
० land resources comprises of
∆ Forest
∆ Land not available for cultivation
i) Barren and waste land
ii) Non-agricultural example roads buildings
∆ Other uncultivated land
i) land under miscellaneous tree crops groves
ii) permanent pasture and grazing land
iii) Culturable waste land (left uncultivated more than 5years )
∆ fallow land
i) current fallow ( uncultivated for 1 or less than 1 agricultural year)
ii) other than current fallow ( uncultivated for 1 to 5 agricultural years)
∆ Net sown area area sown at least once in a year
* Areas sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
० land use patterns in India
total geographical area - 3.28 million sq.km
only 93% data is available
forest is less than the desired 33% value
० Land Degradation
deforestation overgrazing over mining over irrigation
० Conservation measures
afforestation controlled grazing managing waste land controlled mining
Important terms
i) Biotic resources are obtained from biosphere i.e.human being, live stock ,flora and fauna etc
ii) Abiotic resources are composed of non-living things i.e.soil, metals etc
iii) Renewable resources can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical process are known as renewable or replenishable resources. i.e.solar energy, wind energy etc
iv) flow or continuous resources can be used and replenished at the same time. It does not remain in one location and moves about due to natural action in the physical environment. i.e.running water, solar radiation, wind etc
v) Biological resources are formed by biological process. It is further divided into two types natural vegetation and wildlife
vi) Individual sources digital sources are formed through long ji logical time period and cannot be renewed example minerals metal fossil fuel etc
vii) Individual resources are owned privately by individuals i.e. plantation, farm, water in well etc
viii) Community owned resources are accessible to all the members of the community. i.e. Ponds in village, public Park etc.
ix) National resources are the resources under the control of country. example coal mine,territorial sea (up to 12 nautical miles from the coastline) Railway, rivers etc
x) International resources are owned and regulated by international institution. example open Sea used for peaceful navigation open Sky for flight movement
* the oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open Sea.
xi) Exclusive Economic Zone - it is the area in sea between 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles from coastline.
xii) Potential resources are found in a region in abundance but have not been developed properly. example solar and wind energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
xiii) Developed resources are serveyed and quantified for utilisation through available Technology. example Coal, Petroleum etc
xiv) Stock have the potential to satisfy human needs the required technical knowledge to use them is not developed. example hydrogen and oxygen in water can be used as a source of energy
xv) Reserves are specific stock for which appropriate technical knowledge is available but exploration is not started or in limited use. Example river water for Hydel energy
xvi) UNCED- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
Link of Part- II of this chapter
I hope this will help you.
Don't hesitate to ask (comment) any question or give any suggestion.
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