Forest and Wildlife Resources Chapter-2, Geography Class-X NCERT SOLUTION 1. Multiple Choice Questions : (i) Which of these statements is n...
Forest and Wildlife Resources
Chapter-2, Geography
Class-X
NCERT SOLUTION
1. Multiple Choice Questions :
(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna? (a) Agricultural expansion
(b) Large-scale developmental projects
(c) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
Answer: Grazing and fuel-wood collection
(ii) Which of the following conservation
strategies do not directly involve community
participation?
(a) Joint Forest Management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
Answer: Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
2.Match the following animals with their category of existence:
Animals/Plants Categories of Existence
Black buck Extinct
Asiatic elephant Rare
Andaman wild pig Endangered
Himalayan brown bear Vulnerable
Pink headed duck Endemic
Answer:
Animals/Plants Categories of Existence
Black buck → Endangered
Asiatic elephant → Vulnerable
Andaman wild pig → Endemic
Himalayan brown bear → Rare
Pink headed duck → Extinct
3. Match the following:
(i) Reserved forests (a) other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities
(ii) Protected forests (b) forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forests and wildlife resources
(iii) Unclassed forests (c) forest lands are protected from any further depletion
Answer:
(i) Reserved forests (b) forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forests and wildlife resources
(ii) Protected forests (c) forest lands are protected from any further depletion
(iii) Unclassed forests (a) other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities
4. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
Answer:
Biodiversity is the variety of plants and animals closely interdependent in nature.
Biodiversity is important for human lives because the human being, alongwith the biodiversity, form a complete ecological system in which we are a part and are dependent on this system for our own existence.
(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
Answer:
Cutting down of forests for agricultural expansion, large scale developmental projects, grazing and fuel wood collection and for urbanization has led to the depletion of flora and fauna. Hunting and Poaching have led many species to the verge of extinction.
5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?
Answer:
Indian forests are home to different communities. These communities have a complex relationship with their environment. For example- The Mundas and the Santhal of Chhota Nagpur region worship Mahua and Kadamba trees; the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees.
Indian society comprises several culture each with its own set of traditional methods of conserving nature and it's creation.
The examples of showing how communities have carried out conservation of flora and fauna in India are
(i) The Chipko Movement has successfully resisted deforestation and showed community afforestation with indigenous species to be successful.
(ii) The Beej Bachao Andolan and Navdanya conserved local seed diversity and forests.
(iii) Villagers in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have banned hunting and lumbering activities in a 1200 hectare area they have marked as Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'.
(iv) Villagers around the Sariska Tiger Reserve have fought against mining activities in the forest region.
(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Answer:
Good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife:
Conservation of forest and wildlife was prevalent as nature worship is common among tribal communities and in villages. Such cultural beliefs helped preserve the plant and animal species.
Central and state governments in India have established national parks and wildlife sancturaries to protect endangered forest and wildlife species.
In 1972, the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented. It made protecting specific habitats a law. A list of wildlife species that had to be protected was published and hunting these animals was against the law.
Under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several insects have also been included in the list of protected species. Butterflies, moths, beetles, dragonflies and even certain plants are included in the protected list. In 1991, six species of plants were also added in this list.
Several NGOs are working towards public awareness for conserving depleting forest cover and wild life.
Various communities including the tribals who are dependent on forests for their living are now playing an active role in conserving the forests. Joint Forest management programmes have been launched in various states.
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