Water Resources Chapter-3, Geography Class-X NCERT SOLUTION 1. Multiple Choice Questions : (i) Based on the Information given below clas...
Water Resources
Chapter-3, Geography
Class-X
NCERT SOLUTION
1. Multiple Choice Questions :
(i) Based on the Information given below classify each of the situations as 'suffering from water scarcity' or 'not suffering from water scarcity'.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
Answer:
Not suffering from water scarcity
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
Answer:
Suffering from water scarcity
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
Answer:
Suffering from water scarcity
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Answer:
Not suffering from water scarcity
(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multi purpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.
Answer:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
Answer:
Multiplying urban centres with a large and dense population and urban lifestyle have caused the over exploitation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.
Answer:
Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir.
(c) In Gujarat. the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Answer:
In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.
Answer: Today in Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial Rajasthan canal.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
Answer:
Water becomes a renewable resource through the hydrological cycle. The three processes of the hydrological cycle, evaporation, condensation and precipitation is never ending process, so Water becomes a renewable resource.
(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?
Answer:
Shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as Water Scarcity.
The main causes of water scarcity are increase in population,over exploitation, growing demand for water and unequal excess to it.
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.
Answer:
The various advantages of multi purpose river projects are
(a) Helps in Irrigation,
(b) Electricity generation
(c) Water supply for industrial and domestic purposes
(d) Flood control
(e) Inland navigation
(f) Fish breeding
The various disadvantages of multi purpose river projects are
(a) Natural flow of rivers is affected, causing poor flow of sediments also.
(b) Excessive sedimentation of the reservoir.
(c) Stream beds become rockier, affecting marine life.
(d) A dam fragments a river, thus making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate and spawn.
(e) Reservoirs submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over time.
(f) Deforestation and displacement of local people occur.
5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:
In regions of Rajasthan, every house had underground tankas to store the water for drinking purposes.These tankas are large and deep tanks which were built inside the main house. They were linked to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rainwater falling on the rooftops would run down through the pipe and collect in the underground tankas. The collected rainwater was stored in the underground tankas providing drinking water till the next seasons. When all other sources have dried up, these tankas were beneficial to beat the summer heat as they kept the rooms cool. The rainwater or palar pani, as it was commonly known in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.
(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Answer:
Modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting include:
(a) Rooftop rainwater harvesting is practised in semi- arid areas of Rajasthan to store drinking water.
(b) In hills and mountainous regions, people build diversion channels like that in the Western Himalayas for agriculture.
(c) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures that allowed the water to stagnate and moisten the soil like the 'Khadins' in Jaisalmer and the Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan.
(d) In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
(e) Bamboo drip irrigation system is also being used in Meghalaya and other states in the North-East of India.
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