Agriculture Chapter-4, Geography Class-X NCERT SOLUTION 1. Multiple choice questions. (i) Which one of the following describes a system of a...
Agriculture
Chapter-4, Geography
Class-X
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture
Answer: (b) Plantation Agriculture
(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop? (a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton
Answer: (b) Gram
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Jawar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum
Answer: (a) Pulses
(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influential support price
Answer: (b) Minimum support price
2. Answer the following questions in 30 words. (i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer: Rice is the major staple crop of India. Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Answer: Various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers are:
• Consolidation of smallholdings,
• Provision for crop insurance,
• Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies, Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme
• Subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources.
(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer:
It's consequences will be:
• The rise in prices of food
• Imports increase will put stress on the
economy
• Rise in Unemployment and pressure on other sectors
• Affect agro based industries.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Answer:
Various initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production are:
• Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of Zamindari etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
• Land Reform was the main focus of our 'First Five Year Plan'.The Green Revolution was based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.
• Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources.
• Broadcast of special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes like 'Krishi Darshan' on national television.
• Grameen Banks, Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme are also some of the reforms bought by Indian Government.
(ii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Answer:
The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices were important export items from India. In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being forced to grow indigo in place of foodgrains, in order to supply dye to Britain's flourishing textile industry. Thus, globalisation has had its boons and banes for Indian agriculture.
Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.
(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Answer:
Rice is a kharif crop. Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
• Temperature- Rice requires high temperature and high humidity. The mean monthly temperature of about 25°C or above with minor variation during the sowing, growing and harvesting season is suitable for the growth of the plant.
• Rainfall- Rice needs abundant rainfall, ie, more than 100 cm. It can grow in areas with less rainfall, but with assured irrigation. Rice is grown in Punjab and Haryana with the help of irrigation.
• Soil- Rice can grow in a variety of soils including silts, loams and gravels, but it is grown best in alluvial soil with a sub-soil of impervious clay.
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